Comparative biological effects of spherical noble metal nanoparticles (Rh, Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) with 4–8 nm diameter

• Alexander Rostek,
• Marina Breisch,
• Kevin Pappert,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Marc Heggen,
• Manfred Köller,
• Christina Sengstock and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2763–2774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.258

• properties of nanomaterials originate from the large surface-to-volume ratio and the local configuration of atoms [69]. The morphology of nanoparticles is defined by the contributions of the cohesive energy, the surface energy, the twinning energy, and the strain energy [88]. Based on the Wulff construction

• , the equilibrium shape of a nanocrystal can be predicted by minimization of the surface free energy of the crystal for a given enclosed volume. According to the Wulff construction, face-centered cubic (fcc) crystals tend to form truncated octahedral particles with large {111} and small {100} surfaces

Cubic chemically ordered FeRh and FeCo nanomagnets prepared by mass-selected low-energy cluster-beam deposition: a comparative study

• Veronique Dupuis,
• Anthony Robert,
• Arnaud Hillion,
• Ghassan Khadra,
• Nils Blanc,
• Damien Le Roy,
• Florent Tournus,
• Clement Albin,
• Olivier Boisron and
• Alexandre Tamion

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1850–1860, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.177

• (UHV) deposition chamber, with an independent atomic carbon beam. Notice that the strong asset of this experimental technique is the possibility to prepare nearly identical clusters in any matrix, with the possibility to vary the volume concentration of the magnetic phase. According to the Wulff

• construction [12], we have been able to systematically show that our clusters are nanocrystallized and well-faceted (Figure 2). In order to avoid magnetic interactions among the NPs, the samples are prepared with a cluster concentration of less than 1 vol %. Notice that the amorphous carbon matrix is chosen to

Microscopic characterization of Fe nanoparticles formed on SrTiO₃(001) and SrTiO₃(110) surfaces

• Miyoko Tanaka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 817–824, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.73

• microscopy (TEM); Wulff construction; Introduction Metal nanoparticles on oxide substrates are one of the key materials in modern technology. Not only are they widely used in catalysis, there are also potential applications in nanoelectronics, spintronics, photonics, sensors, and fuel cells [1][2][3][4][5

• plane. This type of modified Wulff construction, which takes into account the particle–substrate interaction, is denominated as the Winterbottom construction [58]. The Winterbottom theory describes the dependence of the particle shape upon the anisotropy of the surface energy of the particle and upon

Atomic scale interface design and characterisation

• Carla Bittencourt,
• Chris Ewels and
• Arkady V. Krasheninnikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1708–1711, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.174

• illustrated in the article by M. Quintana et al. [15], by the examples of imaging molecules and clusters on graphene. Another example is the article by Barmparis et al. on Wulff construction [27], based on first-principle calculations. This method has become quite popular as a tool of choice for the

Nanoparticle shapes by using Wulff constructions and first-principles calculations

• Georgios D. Barmparis,
• Zbigniew Lodziana,
• Nuria Lopez and
• Ioannis N. Remediakis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 361–368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.35

• shape of these nanoparticles. Wulff construction offers a simple method of predicting the equilibrium shape of nanoparticles given the surface energies of the material. Results: We review the mathematical formulation and the main applications of Wulff construction during the last two decades. We then

• focus to three recent extensions: active sites of metal nanoparticles for heterogeneous catalysis, ligand-protected nanoparticles generated as colloidal suspensions and nanoparticles of complex metal hydrides for hydrogen storage. Conclusion: Wulff construction, in particular when linked to first

• [5][6]. Theoretical simulations based on the Wulff construction hold the key to understand the shapes of nanoparticles. The Wulff construction revolutionized geology and crystallography especially at the beginning of the twentieth century, as it provided a systematic way to classify characteristic

Plasma-assisted synthesis and high-resolution characterization of anisotropic elemental and bimetallic core–shell magnetic nanoparticles

• M. Hennes,
• A. Lotnyk and
• S. G. Mayr

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 466–475, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.54

• planar target at moderate powers (P < 60 W). While the latter typically possess a polycrystalline structure (as will be shown in a later part of this work), larger particles are mostly single crystalline with truncated cubic and cuboctahedral crystal shapes reminiscent of Wulff-construction structures

Size-dependent phase diagrams of metallic alloys: A Monte Carlo simulation study on order–disorder transitions in Pt–Rh nanoparticles

• Johan Pohl,
• Christian Stahl and
• Karsten Albe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 1–11, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.1

• nanometer-sized particles with n = 9201, 2075 and 807 atoms, corresponding to a diameter of 7.8, 4.3 and 3.1 nm, respectively. The cluster shape was obtained from a face-centered cubic lattice by the Wulff construction by using the (100) and (111) surface energies for platinum and rhodium. The cluster shape

Structure, morphology, and magnetic properties of Fe nanoparticles deposited onto single-crystalline surfaces

• Armin Kleibert,
• Wolfgang Rosellen,
• Mathias Getzlaff and
• Joachim Bansmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 47–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.6

• nm have an equilibrium shape given by six (001) and twelve (110) surface facets according to a Wulff construction [32][33]. A schematic drawing of such a particle with a diameter D is shown in Figure 1e. This shape has also been found experimentally in pure Fe particles generated by the ACIS source

• to reconstruct features of the nanoparticle morphology [64]. Figure 4b and Figure 4c show such reconstructed images of two particles. The images indeed show indications for particle shapes according to the Wulff construction (see the schematics in the figures). Moreover, the particles in Figure 4b

• of the equilibrium shape of pure crystalline Fe particles as expected from a Wulff construction in the present particle size range [32]. (a) X-ray absorption spectra of the Ni(111) substrate. Inset: Schematics of the experiment. (b) XAS spectra of the Fe NPs with a diameter of (7.6 ± 1.5) nm. (c),(d